M. Nishi1, S. Kanaji1, H. Harada1, M. Yamamoto1, K. Kanemitsu1, K. Yamashita1, T. Oshikiri1, Y. Sumi1, T. Nakamura1, S. Suzuki1, Y. Kakeji1 1Kobe University Graduate School Of Medicine,Division Of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department Of Surgery,Kobe, HYOGO, Japan
Introduction:
Recently, the stereoscopic vision using three-dimensional (3D) monitor has been expected that improves surgical techniques in laparoscopic surgery. Several studies have reported technical advantages in using 3D monitor regarding accuracy and working speed already. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports that analyze motion of forceps by 3D optical tracking systems during performance in laparoscopic phantom tasks.
We attempt to develop the 3D motion analysis system for laparoscopic phantom tasks, and to clarify the efficacy of stereoscopic vision using 3D monitor regarding tracking forceps’ movement.
Methods:
Twenty surgeons performed 3 tasks (task1: simple operation by dominant hand, task2: simple operation by both hands, task3: complicated operation for both hands) under the 2D and 3D vision. During the performance, we tracked and recorded the motion of the forceps’ tip with optical marker that captured by 3D position tracker. This system enables us to visualize track of forceps’ tip. We analyzed the factor of distances of forceps’ tip movement, working times, and technical errors for each tasks from obtained data, and compared these results of using 3D monitor with that of using 2D monitor.
Results:
The mean captured rate for optical marker on forceps was 96.6 percent.
Mean distances of forceps’ tip movement were shorter for all tasks under 3D vision than 2D vision (Mean distances ± SE (cm) Task1: 2D; 48.22 ± 1.33, 3D; 38.79 ± 1.00, P<0.001, Task2: 2D; 132.26 ± 4.20, 3D; 127.21 ± 4.52, P=0.23, Task3: 2D; 606.86 ± 32.13, 3D; 483.23 ± 18.40, P=0.008). Mean working time and technical errors were significant improved for all tasks under 3D vision (Mean working time ± SE (seconds) Task1: 2D; 14.08 ± 0.61, 3D; 12.3 ± 0.51, P=0.035, Task2: 2D; 21.59 ± 0.73, 3D; 18.39 ± 0.42, P=0.0016, Task3: 2D; 76.56 ± 3.46, 3D; 65.11 ± 3.13, P=0.0071, Mean technical errors ± SE (numbers) Task1: 2D; 6.45 ± 0.58, 3D; 2.13 ± 0.22, P<0.001, Task2: 2D; 4.58 ± 0.32, 3D; 1.84 ± 0.17, P<0.001,Task3: 2D; 8.29 ± 0.69, 3D; 4.82 ± 0.48, P<0.001).
Conclusion:
Our results show that the stereoscopic vision using 3D monitor improved surgical techniques with accurate operation and short distances of forceps’ movement, which resulted in short operation time in laparoscopic basic phantom tasks.